進階 · Unit 26
分詞構句 — 被動分詞構句
被動分詞構句是副詞子句為被動語態時，把該子句縮短而成的形式，採用 (Being) + 過去分詞的結構，實際使用時幾乎都會省略 Being。當主詞和分詞是被動關係時使用。
概念說明
被動分詞構句是副詞子句為被動語態時，把該子句縮短而成的形式，採用 (Being) + 過去分詞的結構，實際使用時幾乎都會省略 Being。當主詞和分詞是被動關係時使用。
A. 做法 — 被動語態副詞子句 → (Being) + 過去分詞
被動分詞構句的做法是先刪掉副詞子句的連接詞和主詞，再把 be 動詞改成 Being，後面留下過去分詞。基本形是 Being + 過去分詞，意思是「因為被~、在被~的同時」。
| 步驟 | 原文 | 處理 |
|---|---|---|
| 0. 副詞子句 | Because it is written in easy English, this book is popular. | 原句 |
| 1. 省略連接詞、主詞 | it is written in easy English, ... | 刪掉 Because, it |
| 2. be → Being | Being written in easy English, ... | is → Being |
| 3. 完成 | Being written in easy English, this book is popular. | 最終形 |
- Because she was invited to the party, she felt happy. → Being invited to the party, she felt happy. (因為被邀請去派對，她覺得很開心。)
- As he is loved by everyone, he never feels lonely. → Being loved by everyone, he never feels lonely. (因為受到大家的喜愛，他從不覺得孤單。)
- Because the letter was written in French, I couldn't read it. → Being written in French, the letter was hard to read. (因為是用法文寫的，這封信很難讀。)
B. 省略 Being — 只留下過去分詞
被動分詞構句裡的 Being 幾乎都會被省略，直接用過去分詞開頭，這才是實際口語和寫作中的慣用形式。流程是 Being + 過去分詞 → 省略 Being。就算 Being 消失了，意思還是一樣。
| 含 Being | 省略 Being (實戰形) |
|---|---|
| Being written in easy English, ... | Written in easy English, ... |
| Being surrounded by fans, ... | Surrounded by fans, ... |
| Being asked many questions, ... | Asked many questions, ... |
| Being born in Seoul, ... | Born in Seoul, ... |
- Written in easy English, this book is popular with beginners. (因為是用簡單的英文寫的，這本書很受初學者歡迎。)
- Surrounded by fans, the singer waved happily. (被粉絲包圍著，那位歌手開心地揮了揮手。)
- Born in Busan, he grew up near the sea. (在釜山出生的他，是在海邊附近長大的。)
- Asked to give a speech, she felt nervous. (被請去發表演說，她感到很緊張。)
C. 完成式被動分詞構句 — (Having been) + 過去分詞
要表示比主要子句更早的被動動作時，就用完成式被動分詞構句 (Having been) + 過去分詞，而這裡的 Having been 也常常被省略。只有想明確標示時態差異時才會寫出來。
| 形式 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| Having been + p.p. | 因為先前被~、被~之後 | Having been warned many times, he quit smoking. |
| 省略 Having been | 只留過去分詞 | Warned many times, he quit smoking. |
- Having been used for many years, the old car finally broke down. (因為用了很多年，那輛舊車終於故障了。)
- Having been raised by her grandparents, she loves them deeply. (因為是祖父母養大的，她非常深愛他們。)
- Written many years ago, this letter still moves me. (雖然是很多年前寫的，這封信仍然讓我感動。)
- Painted in the 15th century, the picture is still bright. (雖然是十五世紀畫的，那幅畫的色彩仍然鮮明。)
重點整理
- 1被動分詞構句的基本形是 (Being) + 過去分詞，實際使用時 Being 幾乎都會被省略，只留下過去分詞。(例: Written in easy English, ...)
- 2只有主詞和分詞是被動關係時，才會用被動分詞構句。(例: 書「被寫」的關係 → Written)
- 3要強調比主要子句更早的被動動作時用 Having been + 過去分詞，不過這裡的 Having been 也常常被省略。(例: Having been used for years, ...)
- 4被動分詞構句的意思大多是「因為被~、在被~的狀態下」，也就是原因和狀態這兩種語感。
- 5中文的「因為被~」、「被~之後」很自然地對應到被動分詞構句。(例: 「因為被邀請」 → Invited.)
例句
Written in easy English, this book is popular.
因為是用簡單的英文寫的，這本書很受歡迎。
Surrounded by fans, the actor smiled happily.
被粉絲包圍著，那位演員開心地微笑。
Born in Seoul, she speaks Korean fluently.
在首爾出生的她，韓文說得很流利。
Asked to sing, he stood up nervously.
被請去唱歌，他緊張地站了起來。
Invited to the wedding, we bought a nice gift.
因為受邀參加婚禮，我們買了一份好禮物。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
Written in easy English, this book is popular.
(Being) written in easy English, ...
Surrounded by fans, the actor smiled.
Born in Seoul, she speaks Korean well.
Having been used for years, the machine broke.