進階 · Unit 37
被動語態 — 第五句型
把第五句型改成被動語態時，受詞會移到主詞的位置，而受詞補語則原封不動留在 be + 過去分詞後面。不過使役動詞·感官動詞後面的原形動詞，在被動語態中會變成 to 不定詞。
概念說明
把第五句型改成被動語態時，受詞會移到主詞的位置，而受詞補語則原封不動留在 be + 過去分詞後面。不過使役動詞·感官動詞後面的原形動詞，在被動語態中會變成 to 不定詞。
A. 名詞·形容詞補語轉成被動 — 補語原封不動保留
受詞補語是名詞或形容詞的第五句型改成被動語態時，受詞會變成主詞，原本的補語就直接接在 be + 過去分詞後面。補語的形態·詞性都不會改變。
| 主動語態 | 被動語態 |
|---|---|
| Everyone called him a genius. | He was called a genius. |
| The news made her happy. | She was made happy. |
| We elected Kevin president. | Kevin was elected president. |
| They named the baby Emma. | The baby was named Emma. |
- The room was kept clean by the students. (那個房間被學生們保持得很乾淨。)
- Anna was chosen team leader for this project. (Anna 被選為這個專案的組長。)
- The soup was found delicious by everyone. (那道湯被大家認為很好喝。)
B. to 不定詞·分詞補語轉成被動 — 形態原樣維持
受詞補語是 to 不定詞或 -ing / p.p. 分詞的第五句型，就算改成被動語態，補語的形態也照樣維持不變。tell·ask·want·expect·advise 後面的 to 不定詞、see·hear·watch 後面的 -ing 分詞就是代表性的例子。
| 主動語態 | 被動語態 |
|---|---|
| He told me to leave. | I was told to leave. |
| They asked her to wait. | She was asked to wait. |
| We expect them to arrive soon. | They are expected to arrive soon. |
| I saw Anna crying. | Anna was seen crying. |
| She heard him singing. | He was heard singing. |
- The staff was asked to work overtime. (員工被要求加班。)
- Kevin was advised to see a doctor. (Kevin 被建議去看醫生。)
- The children were seen playing in the park. (有人看到孩子們在公園裡玩。)
- Loud music was heard coming from the room. (有人聽到吵鬧的音樂從那個房間傳出來。)
C. 使役·感官動詞的被動 — 原形動詞 → to 不定詞
make·have·let 這類使役動詞和 see·hear·watch·feel 這類感官動詞，在主動語態中用原形動詞當補語，但改成被動語態時，那個原形動詞會加上 to 變成 to 不定詞。公式是 使役·感官動詞被動 = 原形動詞 → to 不定詞。
| 主動語態 (原形動詞) | 被動語態 (to 不定詞) |
|---|---|
| The teacher made him go out. | He was made to go out. |
| Mom made me clean my room. | I was made to clean my room. |
| I saw her enter the room. | She was seen to enter the room. |
| We heard him sing the song. | He was heard to sing the song. |
- The boy was made to apologize in front of everyone. (那個男孩被要求在大家面前道歉。)
- Anna was made to rewrite the report. (Anna 被要求重寫報告。)
- The suspect was seen to leave the building at 9. (有人看到那名嫌犯九點離開大樓。)
- Kevin was heard to shout in the meeting. (有人聽到 Kevin 在會議上大吼。)
重點整理
- 1第五句型的被動語態中，名詞·形容詞補語會原封不動留在 be + 過去分詞後面。(例: He was called a genius. / She was made happy.)
- 2to 不定詞·現在分詞·過去分詞補語也一樣，維持主動語態的形態直接搬到被動語態。(例: I was told to leave. / Anna was seen crying.)
- 3使役動詞(make·have)和感官動詞(see·hear·watch)後面的原形動詞，在被動語態中會變成 to 不定詞。(例: She made me go → I was made to go.)
- 4let 不用在被動語態，要改用 be allowed to 代替。(例: They let him go. → He was allowed to go.)
- 5感官動詞的被動語態中，會變成 to 不定詞的只有原形動詞的情況，-ing 分詞仍然維持 -ing。(例: She was seen to enter. / She was seen entering.)
例句
He was called a genius by his teachers.
他被老師們稱為天才。
She was made happy by the good news.
那個好消息讓她變得很開心。
Kevin was elected president of the club.
Kevin 被選為社團的會長。
The baby was named Emma by her parents.
那個寶寶被父母取名為 Emma。
The room was kept clean by the roommates.
那個房間被室友們保持得很乾淨。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
He was made to go home.
She was seen to enter the room.
The boy was allowed to go.
I was told to leave.
Kevin was called a hero.