進階 · Unit 8

to 不定詞 — 意義上的主詞

to 不定詞的意義上的主詞,指的是實際做出 to 不定詞所表示的行為的人或事物,通常在 to 不定詞前面用「for + 受格」或「of + 受格」的形態標示出來。當句子的主詞和 to 不定詞的行為主體不同時,一定要標示出來。

概念說明

to 不定詞的意義上的主詞,指的是實際做出 to 不定詞所表示的行為的人或事物,通常在 to 不定詞前面用「for + 受格」或「of + 受格」的形態標示出來。當句子的主詞和 to 不定詞的行為主體不同時,一定要標示出來。

 

A.  基本形態 — for + 受格 

to 不定詞的意義上的主詞,大多是在 to 不定詞前面加上「for + 受格」來表示,這時候的 for 不是介系詞,只負責標示意義上的主詞。請把for + 受格 + to 不定詞 這個語序整組記起來。

句型意義上的主詞例句
It is + 形容詞 + to Vfor + 受格It is hard for me to wake up early.
It is + 名詞 + to Vfor + 受格It is a good idea for us to leave now.
名詞 + to V (修飾)for + 受格This is a book for you to enjoy.
  • It is important for students to review every day. (學生每天複習是很重要的。)
  • It was impossible for us to finish on time. (我們要準時完成是不可能的。)
  • The box is too heavy for her to lift. (那個箱子太重了,她抬不動。)

 

B.  性格、態度形容詞 — of + 受格 

在說話者評價對方性格、態度的形容詞後面,用的不是 for,而是「of + 受格」of + 受格 只用在評價人的性格上,這就是它和 for 的關鍵差異。這個形態帶有「竟然做~,真是…」這種評價和判斷的語感。

形態意思例句
It is kind of you to V你真好心,竟然~It is kind of you to help.
It is nice of him to V他竟然~,真好It is nice of him to call.
It was foolish of me to V我竟然~,真是傻It was foolish of me to trust him.
  • It is nice of you to invite us. (你邀請我們,真是太好了。)
  • It was careless of him to leave the door open. (他把門開著沒關,真是太粗心了。)
  • It is generous of her to share the cake. (她願意分蛋糕,真是慷慨。)
  • It was brave of the child to speak up. (那個孩子敢說出來,真是勇敢。)

 

C.  使用 of + 受格的形容詞清單 

帶出 of + 受格的形容詞,大多都有評價一個人的性格、態度或判斷力的意思。把下面幾組綁在一起記起來,就能瞬間分辨 for 和 of。

分組代表形容詞
親切、寬厚kind, nice, generous, sweet
智慧、判斷wise, clever, foolish, stupid, silly
態度、禮貌polite, rude, careless, thoughtful
勇氣、其他brave, honest, cruel, mean
  • It was wise of you to save some money. (你存了一些錢,真是明智。)
  • It is rude of him to interrupt others. (他打斷別人說話,真是無禮。)
  • It was polite of her to send a thank-you note. (她寄了感謝函,真是有禮貌。)
  • It is honest of him to admit his mistake. (他承認自己的錯誤,真是誠實。)

重點整理

  1. 1當 to 不定詞的行為主體和句子主詞不同時,一定要把意義上的主詞標示出來,這是本單元的大前提。(例: It is hard for me to wake up early.)
  2. 2大部分的情況用「for + 受格」,但在評價人的性格、態度的形容詞後面則用「of + 受格」,請把這個對比記起來。(例: It is kind of you, It is hard for me.)
  3. 3帶出 of + 受格的形容詞是 kind、nice、foolish、wise、careless、polite、rude、brave 這種評價人品的詞群,把它當成一個類別整組背下來,判斷起來就很快。
  4. 4在中文「某人做…這件事」的結構裡,相當於「某人」的部分如果和句子主詞不同,英文就必須用 for 或 of 標示出來,請培養這種語感。(例: It is hard for me to arrive.)
  5. 5在 It is + 形容詞 + to V 的句型裡,只看形容詞就能判斷要用 for 還是 of,請善用這個訣竅 — 評價性格的形容詞就用 of,其他表示狀況或難易度的形容詞就用 for。

例句

It is difficult for me to remember all the names.
要我記住所有的名字很困難。
It is important for children to sleep well.
小孩子睡得好是很重要的。
It was impossible for us to arrive on time.
我們要準時抵達是不可能的。
This book is easy for beginners to read.
這本書對初學者來說很好讀。
Here is some water for you to drink.
這裡有一些水給你喝。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

It is kind for you to help.
It is kind of you to help.
It is difficult of me to sleep here.
It is difficult for me to sleep here.
It was foolish for him to do that.
It was foolish of him to do that.
It is important of us to be honest.
It is important for us to be honest.
It is nice for her to invite us.
It is nice of her to invite us.
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