Subjungtif - pengguguran if
Apabila if digugurkan dalam ayat subjungtif, were / had / should ditarik ke hadapan subjek dan disongsangkan.
Penerangan
Apabila if digugurkan dalam ayat subjungtif, were / had / should ditarik ke hadapan subjek dan disongsangkan. Binaan ini kerap dipakai dalam laras rasmi dan bahasa tulisan, dan maknanya sama dengan ayat yang mengekalkan if.
A. Were + subjek — songsangan subjungtif lampau
Subjungtif lampau dengan kata kerja be seperti If I were / If he were menggugurkan if dan memindahkan Were ke hadapan subjek. Formulanya ialah If I were = Were I. Selepas disongsangkan pun, kata kerja be kekal were di pangkal ayat.
| Ayat dengan if | Ayat songsangan |
|---|---|
| If I were you | Were I you |
| If he were rich | Were he rich |
| If it were possible | Were it possible |
| If they were here | Were they here |
- Were I in your position, I would apologize. (Jika saya berada pada kedudukan anda, saya tentu meminta maaf.)
- Were she more careful, this wouldn't happen. (Jika dia lebih berhati-hati, perkara seperti ini tentu tidak berlaku.)
- Were it not so cold, we could go out. (Jika cuaca tidak sesejuk itu, kami boleh keluar.)
B. Had + subjek + p.p. — songsangan lampau sempurna
Subjungtif lampau sempurna seperti If I had known / If she had studied menggugurkan if dan memindahkan Had ke hadapan subjek. Formulanya ialah If I had p.p. = Had I p.p. dan klausa utama disambung dengan would / could / might + have + partisip lampau.
| Ayat dengan if | Ayat songsangan |
|---|---|
| If I had known | Had I known |
| If she had studied | Had she studied |
| If they had arrived earlier | Had they arrived earlier |
| If it had not rained | Had it not rained |
- Had I known the truth, I would have told you. (Jika saya tahu perkara sebenar ketika itu, saya tentu telah memberitahu anda.)
- Had she taken the train, she would have arrived on time. (Jika dia telah menaiki kereta api ketika itu, dia tentu telah tiba tepat pada masanya.)
- Had we left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the flight. (Jika kami telah bertolak lebih awal dahulu, kami tentu tidak terlepas penerbangan itu.)
- Had it not been for the delay, we would have met him. (Jika tidak kerana kelewatan itu, kami tentu telah bertemu dengannya.)
C. Should + subjek — songsangan kemungkinan hadapan
Apabila anda menyatakan kemungkinan yang rendah pada masa hadapan seperti If you should ~, iaitu 'sekiranya berlaku begitu nanti', Should dipindahkan ke hadapan subjek. Binaan ini kerap dipakai dalam notis rasmi dan dokumen perniagaan, dan diikuti ayat perintah, nasihat atau ayat please.
| Ayat dengan if | Ayat songsangan | Makna |
|---|---|---|
| If you should need help | Should you need help | Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan |
| If you should have questions | Should you have questions | Sekiranya anda ada soalan |
| If anything should happen | Should anything happen | Sekiranya sesuatu berlaku |
- Should you need further information, please contact us. (Sekiranya anda memerlukan maklumat lanjut, sila hubungi kami.)
- Should you change your mind, let me know. (Sekiranya anda berubah fikiran, sila beritahu saya.)
- Should there be any problem, call this number. (Sekiranya ada sebarang masalah, hubungi nombor ini.)
- Should he arrive late, we will start without him. (Sekiranya dia tiba lewat, kami akan mula tanpanya.)
Perkara penting
- 1Apabila if digugurkan dalam subjungtif, were / had / should disongsangkan ke hadapan subjek. (Contoh: If I were → Were I)
- 2Binaan songsangan ini dipakai terutamanya dalam laras rasmi dan bahasa tulisan, dan maknanya sama dengan ayat yang memakai if. Dalam perbualan, if tetap digunakan.
- 3Dalam ayat negatif, kontraksi(wasn't / hadn't) tidak boleh disongsangkan, sebaliknya not ditulis terpisah selepas subjek. (X: Hadn't I known / O: Had I not known)
- 4Should + subjek ialah ungkapan laras rasmi yang menyatakan kemungkinan rendah pada masa hadapan, iaitu 'sekiranya berlaku begitu', dan kerap dipakai dalam notis serta dokumen perniagaan. (Contoh: Should you need help)
- 5Yang disongsangkan ialah kata kerja bantu(were / had / should), bukan kata kerja biasa. If I knew tidak disongsangkan dan dikekalkan seperti asal.