Subjungtif - as if subjungtif lampau + subjungtif lampau sempurna
as if / as though bermaksud 'seolah-olah begini' dan menganjakkan kata kerja klausa di belakangnya satu tingkat ke belakang untuk menyatakan kiasan yang berbeza daripada hakikat.
Penerangan
as if / as though bermaksud 'seolah-olah begini' dan menganjakkan kata kerja klausa di belakangnya satu tingkat ke belakang untuk menyatakan kiasan yang berbeza daripada hakikat. Lawan hakikat sekarang memakai bentuk lampau, manakala lawan hakikat lampau memakai had + partisip lampau.
A. as if + lampau — lawan hakikat sekarang
Apabila anda menyebut keadaan yang berbeza daripada hakikat sekarang dengan makna 'seolah-olah begini', bentuk lampau digunakan selepas as if / as though. Formulanya ialah as if + subjek + lampau = lawan hakikat sekarang. Dalam laras rasmi, kata kerja be diseragamkan kepada were tanpa mengira orang.
| Kala klausa utama | Kata kerja selepas as if | Keadaan sebenar |
|---|---|---|
| Kini (talks / looks) | bentuk lampau (were / knew) | Lawan hakikat sekarang |
| He talks | as if he were rich | Sebenarnya bukan orang kaya |
| She looks | as if she knew the answer | Sebenarnya tidak tahu |
| You sound | as though you were tired | Sebenarnya tidak penat |
- He speaks English as if he were a native. (Dia bertutur dalam bahasa Inggeris seolah-olah dia penutur jati.)
- She looks as if she knew the secret. (Dia kelihatan seolah-olah dia tahu rahsia itu.)
- The child cries as though he were in pain. (Anak itu menangis seolah-olah dia sedang kesakitan.)
- It sounds as if you didn't like the plan. (Bunyinya seolah-olah anda tidak menyukai rancangan itu.)
B. as if + had + partisip — lawan hakikat lampau
Apabila anda bercakap seolah-olah ada perkara yang berbeza daripada hakikat berlaku pada masa lampau, bentuk had + partisip lampau digunakan selepas as if / as though. Formulanya ialah as if + subjek + had p.p. = lawan hakikat lampau.
| Kala klausa utama | Kata kerja selepas as if | Keadaan sebenar |
|---|---|---|
| Kini (looks / talks) | had + partisip lampau (had seen / had done) | Lawan hakikat lampau |
| She looks | as if she had seen a ghost | Sebenarnya tidak melihatnya |
| He talks | as if he had lived in Paris | Sebenarnya tidak pernah tinggal di situ |
| They act | as though they had known us | Sebenarnya tidak mengenali kami |
- She looks as if she had cried all night. (Dia kelihatan seolah-olah dia telah menangis sepanjang malam.)
- He talks as though he had met the president. (Dia bercakap seolah-olah dia pernah bertemu presiden.)
- They act as if they had finished the project. (Mereka berlagak seolah-olah mereka telah menyiapkan projek itu.)
- I feel as if I had run a marathon. (Saya berasa seolah-olah saya telah berlari maraton.)
C. Banding dua kala — bukan kini atau bukan dahulu
Kala selepas as if menentukan 'hakikat pada bila' yang dilawan. Bentuk lampau bermaksud 'sekarang bukan begitu', manakala had + partisip lampau bermaksud 'ketika itu bukan begitu'.
| Bentuk | Makna | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| as if + bentuk lampau | seolah-olah begitu sekarang (sebenarnya tidak) | He talks as if he were rich. |
| as if + had p.p. | seolah-olah begitu ketika itu (sebenarnya tidak) | He talks as if he had been rich. |
| Klausa utama lampau + lampau | seolah-olah begitu ketika itu (masa yang sama) | He talked as if he were sick. |
| Klausa utama lampau + had p.p. | seolah-olah begitu lebih awal daripada saat itu | He talked as if he had seen it. |
- He acts as if he owned the place. (Dia berlagak seolah-olah dialah pemilik tempat ini.)
- He acts as if he had owned the place. (Dia berlagak seolah-olah dia pernah menjadi pemilik tempat ini dahulu.)
- She smiled as if she knew everything. (Dia tersenyum seolah-olah dia tahu segala-galanya.)
- She smiled as if she had known everything. (Dia tersenyum seolah-olah dia sudah pun tahu segala-galanya sebelum itu.)
Perkara penting
- 1Kala selepas as if / as though ditulis satu tingkat ke belakang berbanding klausa utama. (Contoh: He talks as if he were rich.)
- 2Lawan hakikat sekarang memakai bentuk lampau, manakala lawan hakikat lampau memakai had + partisip lampau. (Contoh: as if he knew / as if he had known)
- 3Dalam laras rasmi, kata kerja be selepas as if ditulis were tanpa mengira subjek, tetapi dalam perbualan was juga kerap dipakai. (Contoh: as if he were / as if he was)
- 4as if dan as though sama makna dan sama tatabahasanya, jadi kedua-duanya boleh bertukar ganti. (Contoh: as if he knew = as though he knew)
- 5Jika keadaan selepas as if memang berkemungkinan benar, bentuk biasa(kala kini atau kini sempurna) juga boleh digunakan. (Contoh: It looks as if it is going to rain.)