Pengandaian - as if + pengandaian kala lampau / kala lampau sempurna
as if / as though berarti 'seolah-olah begini', dan dengan memundurkan kata kerja klausa sesudahnya satu kala, keduanya menyatakan kiasan yang berbeda dari kenyataan.
Penjelasan
as if / as though berarti 'seolah-olah begini', dan dengan memundurkan kata kerja klausa sesudahnya satu kala, keduanya menyatakan kiasan yang berbeda dari kenyataan. Kebalikan fakta kini memakai bentuk lampau, kebalikan fakta lampau memakai had + partisip lampau.
A. as if + bentuk lampau — kiasan lawan fakta kini
Ketika keadaan yang berbeda dari kenyataan sekarang dinyatakan dengan 'seolah-olah begini', sesudah as if / as though dipakai bentuk lampau. Rumusnya as if + subjek + bentuk lampau = kebalikan fakta kini. Dalam ragam resmi, kata kerja be-nya selalu were tanpa memandang orangnya.
| Kala induk kalimat | Kata kerja sesudah as if | Keadaan sebenarnya |
|---|---|---|
| kini (talks / looks) | bentuk lampau (were / knew) | berlawanan dengan fakta kini |
| He talks | as if he were rich | nyatanya tidak kaya |
| She looks | as if she knew the answer | nyatanya tidak tahu |
| You sound | as though you were tired | nyatanya tidak lelah |
- He speaks English as if he were a native. (Dia berbahasa Inggris seolah-olah dia penutur asli.)
- She looks as if she knew the secret. (Dia tampak seolah-olah tahu rahasia itu.)
- The child cries as though he were in pain. (Anak itu menangis seolah-olah sedang kesakitan.)
- It sounds as if you didn't like the plan. (Kedengarannya seolah-olah Anda tidak menyukai rencana itu.)
B. as if + had + p.p. — kiasan lawan fakta lampau
Ketika sesuatu dikatakan seolah-olah dulu terjadi berbeda dari kenyataan, sesudah as if / as though dipakai bentuk had + partisip lampau. Rumusnya as if + subjek + had + p.p. = kebalikan fakta lampau.
| Kala induk kalimat | Kata kerja sesudah as if | Keadaan sebenarnya |
|---|---|---|
| kini (looks / talks) | had + partisip lampau (had seen / had done) | berlawanan dengan fakta lampau |
| She looks | as if she had seen a ghost | nyatanya tidak melihatnya |
| He talks | as if he had lived in Paris | nyatanya tidak pernah tinggal di sana |
| They act | as though they had known us | nyatanya tidak mengenal kami |
- She looks as if she had cried all night. (Dia tampak seolah-olah sudah menangis semalaman.)
- He talks as though he had met the president. (Dia berbicara seolah-olah sudah pernah bertemu presiden.)
- They act as if they had finished the project. (Mereka bersikap seolah-olah sudah menyelesaikan proyek itu.)
- I feel as if I had run a marathon. (Rasanya seolah-olah saya sudah berlari maraton.)
C. Adu dua kala — bukan kini atau bukan waktu itu
Kala sesudah as if-lah yang menentukan 'kapan fakta yang dilawan itu'. Bentuk lampau berarti 'sekarang tidak begitu', sedangkan had + partisip lampau berarti 'waktu itu tidak begitu'.
| Bentuk | Arti | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| as if + bentuk lampau | seolah-olah begitu sekarang (nyatanya bukan) | He talks as if he were rich. |
| as if + had p.p. | seolah-olah begitu waktu itu (nyatanya bukan) | He talks as if he had been rich. |
| induk kalimat lampau + lampau | seolah-olah begitu waktu itu (waktu yang sama) | He talked as if he were sick. |
| induk kalimat lampau + had p.p. | seolah-olah begitu sebelum waktu itu | He talked as if he had seen it. |
- He acts as if he owned the place. (Dia bersikap seolah-olah dialah pemilik tempat ini.)
- He acts as if he had owned the place. (Dia bersikap seolah-olah dulu dialah pemilik tempat ini.)
- She smiled as if she knew everything. (Dia tersenyum seolah-olah tahu segalanya.)
- She smiled as if she had known everything. (Dia tersenyum seolah-olah sudah tahu segalanya sejak tadi.)
Poin penting
- 1Kala sesudah as if / as though ditulis mundur satu langkah dari induk kalimatnya. (Contoh: He talks as if he were rich.)
- 2Kebalikan fakta kini memakai bentuk lampau, sedangkan kebalikan fakta lampau memakai had + partisip lampau. (Contoh: as if he knew / as if he had known)
- 3Kata kerja be sesudah as if pada dasarnya were dalam ragam resmi tanpa memandang subjeknya, tetapi dalam percakapan was juga sering dipakai. (Contoh: as if he were / as if he was)
- 4as if dan as though sama artinya dan sama tata bahasanya sehingga bisa saling menggantikan. (Contoh: as if he knew = as though he knew)
- 5Kalau keadaan sesudah as if memang mungkin benar, bentuk pernyataan biasa(kala kini·kala kini sempurna) juga boleh dipakai. (Contoh: It looks as if it is going to rain.)