進階 · Unit 62

關係詞 — 關係副詞的非限定用法

關係副詞 when 和 where 前面加上逗號,就成為 為時間、場所先行詞補充額外資訊的非限定用法,帶有「而當時、於是」的語感。why 和 how 沒有非限定用法。

概念說明

關係副詞 when 和 where 前面加上逗號,就成為 為時間、場所先行詞補充額外資訊的非限定用法,帶有「而當時~、於是~」的語感。why 和 how 沒有非限定用法。

 

A.  , when + 子句 — 為時間先行詞補充說明 

非限定用法的 when 是在已經明確指定的時間先行詞(年份、星期、特定時刻)後面加上逗號,補充說明那個時間點發生了什麼事。請記住 非限定關係副詞 = 只能用 when / where 這條規則。

用法例句
限定I remember the day when we met.
非限定I met her in 2019, when I lived in Tokyo.
  • I graduated in 2020, when the pandemic started. (我在 2020 年畢業,而當時疫情剛開始。)
  • We arrived at noon, when everyone was having lunch. (我們中午抵達,而當時大家正在吃午餐。)
  • She called me last Friday, when I was very busy. (她上週五打電話給我,而當時我非常忙。)
  • I saw him on Monday, when the shop was closed. (我星期一看到他,而那天店沒有開。)

 

B.  , where + 子句 — 為場所先行詞補充說明 

非限定用法的 where 是在已經明確指定的場所(城市、國家、特定建築物)後面加上逗號,補充說明在那裡發生了什麼事。旅行、搬家、工作地點的話題上很常用到。

用法例句
限定This is the city where I was born.
非限定I visited Rome, where I stayed for a week.
  • We flew to Osaka, where we tried takoyaki. (我們飛到大阪,在那裡吃了章魚燒。)
  • She moved to Vancouver, where her sister lives. (她搬到溫哥華,她妹妹就住在那裡。)
  • I work at a small studio, where everyone helps each other. (我在一間小工作室上班,那裡大家都互相幫忙。)
  • We stopped at a café, where they served amazing pastries. (我們在一間咖啡館停留,那裡供應非常好吃的酥皮點心。)

 

C.  why 和 how 沒有非限定用法 

why 和 how 不能用在非限定用法,所以要為理由、方法補充說明時,要改用 and that is why / , which is how 這類其他說法。逗號後面一定只能接 when 或 where。

關係副詞非限定用法
whenO (可以放在逗號後)
whereO (可以放在逗號後)
whyX (改用 and that is why)
howX (改用 , which is how)
  • She was tired, and that is why she stayed home. (她很累,所以待在家裡。)
  • He explained it clearly, which is how I finally understood. (他解釋得很清楚,我就是這樣終於聽懂的。)
  • I visited Prague in July, when the streets were full of tourists. (我七月造訪布拉格,而當時街上滿是觀光客。)
  • We stayed at a small inn, where the owner cooked breakfast for us. (我們住在一間小旅館,那裡的老闆為我們做早餐。)

重點整理

  1. 1非限定用法的關係副詞,逗號後面只能接 when 或 where,用來為已經明確指定的時間、場所先行詞補充說明,請遵守這條規則。(例: I met her in 2019, when I lived in Tokyo)
  2. 2非限定用法的 when、where 在會話和寫作中都能自然銜接出「而當時~、於是~」這種補充說明的語感,請把這個感覺培養起來。(例: She moved to Seoul, where she found a job)
  3. 3why 和 how 不用在非限定用法,理由與方法的補充說明要改成 and that is why / , which is how,請記住這個例外。
  4. 4限定用法(沒有逗號)是把先行詞的範圍縮小指定,非限定用法(有逗號)則是為已經確定的對象再補上資訊,請留意這個語意差別。
  5. 5非限定關係副詞的逗號是必要的,少了逗號意思就會變成限定用法,別忘了這條形式規則。

例句

I met her in 2019, when I was living in Tokyo.
我在 2019 年遇見她,而當時我住在東京。
We visited Paris, where we stayed for five days.
我們造訪了巴黎,在那裡待了五天。
She moved to Seoul, where she found a great job.
她搬到首爾,在那裡找到了很棒的工作。
I graduated in 2020, when the pandemic started.
我在 2020 年畢業,而當時疫情剛開始。
We flew to Osaka, where we tried takoyaki.
我們飛到大阪,在那裡吃了章魚燒。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

I met her in 2019 when I was living in Tokyo.
I met her in 2019, when I was living in Tokyo.
We visited Paris, that we stayed for five days.
We visited Paris, where we stayed for five days.
She was tired, why she stayed home.
She was tired, and that is why she stayed home.
He explained it, how I finally understood.
He explained it, which is how I finally understood.
She moved to Seoul, when she found a job.
She moved to Seoul, where she found a job.
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