進階 · Unit 62
關係詞 — 關係副詞的非限定用法
關係副詞 when 和 where 前面加上逗號,就成為 為時間、場所先行詞補充額外資訊的非限定用法,帶有「而當時、於是」的語感。why 和 how 沒有非限定用法。
概念說明
關係副詞 when 和 where 前面加上逗號,就成為 為時間、場所先行詞補充額外資訊的非限定用法,帶有「而當時~、於是~」的語感。why 和 how 沒有非限定用法。
A. , when + 子句 — 為時間先行詞補充說明
非限定用法的 when 是在已經明確指定的時間先行詞(年份、星期、特定時刻)後面加上逗號,補充說明那個時間點發生了什麼事。請記住 非限定關係副詞 = 只能用 when / where 這條規則。
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 限定 | I remember the day when we met. |
| 非限定 | I met her in 2019, when I lived in Tokyo. |
- I graduated in 2020, when the pandemic started. (我在 2020 年畢業,而當時疫情剛開始。)
- We arrived at noon, when everyone was having lunch. (我們中午抵達,而當時大家正在吃午餐。)
- She called me last Friday, when I was very busy. (她上週五打電話給我,而當時我非常忙。)
- I saw him on Monday, when the shop was closed. (我星期一看到他,而那天店沒有開。)
B. , where + 子句 — 為場所先行詞補充說明
非限定用法的 where 是在已經明確指定的場所(城市、國家、特定建築物)後面加上逗號,補充說明在那裡發生了什麼事。旅行、搬家、工作地點的話題上很常用到。
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 限定 | This is the city where I was born. |
| 非限定 | I visited Rome, where I stayed for a week. |
- We flew to Osaka, where we tried takoyaki. (我們飛到大阪,在那裡吃了章魚燒。)
- She moved to Vancouver, where her sister lives. (她搬到溫哥華,她妹妹就住在那裡。)
- I work at a small studio, where everyone helps each other. (我在一間小工作室上班,那裡大家都互相幫忙。)
- We stopped at a café, where they served amazing pastries. (我們在一間咖啡館停留,那裡供應非常好吃的酥皮點心。)
C. why 和 how 沒有非限定用法
why 和 how 不能用在非限定用法,所以要為理由、方法補充說明時,要改用 and that is why / , which is how 這類其他說法。逗號後面一定只能接 when 或 where。
| 關係副詞 | 非限定用法 |
|---|---|
| when | O (可以放在逗號後) |
| where | O (可以放在逗號後) |
| why | X (改用 and that is why) |
| how | X (改用 , which is how) |
- She was tired, and that is why she stayed home. (她很累,所以待在家裡。)
- He explained it clearly, which is how I finally understood. (他解釋得很清楚,我就是這樣終於聽懂的。)
- I visited Prague in July, when the streets were full of tourists. (我七月造訪布拉格,而當時街上滿是觀光客。)
- We stayed at a small inn, where the owner cooked breakfast for us. (我們住在一間小旅館,那裡的老闆為我們做早餐。)
重點整理
- 1非限定用法的關係副詞,逗號後面只能接 when 或 where,用來為已經明確指定的時間、場所先行詞補充說明,請遵守這條規則。(例: I met her in 2019, when I lived in Tokyo)
- 2非限定用法的 when、where 在會話和寫作中都能自然銜接出「而當時~、於是~」這種補充說明的語感,請把這個感覺培養起來。(例: She moved to Seoul, where she found a job)
- 3why 和 how 不用在非限定用法,理由與方法的補充說明要改成 and that is why / , which is how,請記住這個例外。
- 4限定用法(沒有逗號)是把先行詞的範圍縮小指定,非限定用法(有逗號)則是為已經確定的對象再補上資訊,請留意這個語意差別。
- 5非限定關係副詞的逗號是必要的,少了逗號意思就會變成限定用法,別忘了這條形式規則。
例句
I met her in 2019, when I was living in Tokyo.
我在 2019 年遇見她,而當時我住在東京。
We visited Paris, where we stayed for five days.
我們造訪了巴黎,在那裡待了五天。
She moved to Seoul, where she found a great job.
她搬到首爾,在那裡找到了很棒的工作。
I graduated in 2020, when the pandemic started.
我在 2020 年畢業,而當時疫情剛開始。
We flew to Osaka, where we tried takoyaki.
我們飛到大阪,在那裡吃了章魚燒。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I met her in 2019, when I was living in Tokyo.
We visited Paris, where we stayed for five days.
She was tired, and that is why she stayed home.
He explained it, which is how I finally understood.
She moved to Seoul, where she found a job.