Ragam pasif - klausa It ~ that
Apabila kata kerja yang mengambil klausa that sebagai objek seperti say·think·believe·know·report ditukar kepada ragam pasif, ada dua caranya.
Penerangan
Apabila kata kerja yang mengambil klausa that sebagai objek seperti say·think·believe·know·report ditukar kepada ragam pasif, ada dua caranya. Satu ialah binaan 'It is + partisip lampau + that ~' yang bermula dengan subjek formal It, dan satu lagi ialah binaan 'S + be + partisip lampau + to + bentuk dasar' yang menarik subjek klausa that ke hadapan ayat.
A. It is + p.p. + that ~ — subjek formal It
Oleh sebab meletakkan seluruh klausa that di tempat subjek menjadikan ayat berat, binaan ini meletakkan subjek formal It di hadapan dan menolak klausa that ke belakang. Kala di dalam klausa that dikekalkan seadanya.
| Bentuk aktif | Bentuk pasif (binaan It ~ that) |
|---|---|
| People say that he is honest. | It is said that he is honest. |
| Everyone believes that she is smart. | It is believed that she is smart. |
| They think that the plan will work. | It is thought that the plan will work. |
| Reporters reported that the mayor resigned. | It was reported that the mayor resigned. |
- It is said that Kevin is looking for a new job. (Dikatakan bahawa Kevin sedang mencari kerja baharu.)
- It is believed that Anna wrote this poem. (Dipercayai bahawa Anna menulis sajak ini.)
- It was reported that the company lost money last year. (Dilaporkan bahawa syarikat itu rugi pada tahun lalu.)
- It is expected that the meeting will finish by 5. (Dijangka bahawa mesyuarat itu akan tamat menjelang pukul 5.)
B. S + be + p.p. + to ~ — subjek that ke hadapan
Apabila subjek klausa that ditarik ke hadapan ayat dan disambung dengan be + partisip lampau + to + bentuk dasar, maknanya tetap sama. Jika kala klausa that sama dengan klausa utama, bentuknya ialah to + bentuk dasar; jika lebih awal daripada klausa utama, bentuknya ialah to have + p.p. Formulanya ialah It is said that S ~ = S is said to ~.
| Binaan It ~ that | S + be + p.p. + to |
|---|---|
| It is said that he is rich. | He is said to be rich. |
| It is thought that she lives alone. | She is thought to live alone. |
| It is believed that Anna wrote it. | Anna is believed to have written it. |
| It was said that he had left early. | He was said to have left early. |
- Kevin is said to be very talented. (Kevin dikatakan sangat berbakat.)
- Anna is thought to live in Seoul now. (Anna dianggap tinggal di Seoul sekarang.)
- The suspect is believed to have escaped yesterday. (Suspek itu dipercayai telah melarikan diri semalam.)
- The company is expected to announce the results soon. (Syarikat itu dijangka mengumumkan keputusan itu tidak lama lagi.)
C. Kata kerja utama — say·think·believe·know·report·expect·consider
Kebanyakan kata kerja pemikiran dan penyampaian yang kerap mengambil klausa that sebagai objek boleh digunakan terus dalam kedua-dua binaan pasif ini. say·think·believe·know·report·expect·consider·assume ialah kata kerja utama yang kerap muncul dalam berita dan tulisan rasmi.
| Kata kerja | Bentuk It ~ that | Bentuk S is ~ to |
|---|---|---|
| say | It is said that ~ | S is said to ~ |
| think | It is thought that ~ | S is thought to ~ |
| believe | It is believed that ~ | S is believed to ~ |
| know | It is known that ~ | S is known to ~ |
| report | It is reported that ~ | S is reported to ~ |
| expect | It is expected that ~ | S is expected to ~ |
| consider | It is considered that ~ | S is considered to ~ |
- Kevin is known to have lived abroad for ten years. (Kevin diketahui pernah tinggal di luar negara selama sepuluh tahun.)
- It is considered that regular exercise is essential. (Dianggap bahawa senaman yang tetap amat penting.)
- Anna is expected to win the award. (Anna dijangka memenangi anugerah itu.)
- It is reported that the meeting was postponed. (Dilaporkan bahawa mesyuarat itu ditangguhkan.)
Perkara penting
- 1Kata kerja yang mengambil klausa that sebagai objek seperti say·think·believe·know·report·expect·consider boleh dinyatakan dalam dua ragam pasif, iaitu binaan It ~ that dan binaan S is ~ to. (Contoh: It is said that he is rich. = He is said to be rich.)
- 2Kala di dalam klausa that pada binaan It ~ that dikekalkan sama seperti ayat aktif asalnya. (Contoh: They say he is honest. → It is said that he is honest.)
- 3Dalam binaan S is ~ to, jika kala klausa that sama dengan klausa utama digunakan to + bentuk dasar, dan jika lebih awal daripada klausa utama digunakan to have + p.p.. (Contoh: It is said that he was rich. → He is said to have been rich.)
- 4Kedua-dua binaan pasif ini kerap digunakan dalam berita, tulisan rasmi dan pembentangan untuk menyampaikan sesuatu fakta tanpa mendedahkan sumbernya. (Contoh: The company is expected to announce the results soon.)
- 5It is thought / believed / considered menyampaikan isi klausa that sebagai pandangan umum, bukan pertimbangan peribadi.