進階 · Unit 77
假設語氣 — I wish 假設語氣過去式 / 過去完成式
「I wish + 假設語氣」是表達與事實相反的願望的句型，wish 後面子句的時態會往後退一格，帶有「實際上並非如此」的遺憾與後悔。與現在事實相反用 wish + 過去式動詞，與過去事實相反用 wish + had + 過去分詞。
概念說明
「I wish + 假設語氣」是表達與事實相反的願望的句型，wish 後面子句的時態會往後退一格，帶有「實際上並非如此」的遺憾與後悔。與現在事實相反用 wish + 過去式動詞，與過去事實相反用 wish + had + 過去分詞。
A. I wish + 過去式動詞 — 與現在事實相反
「I wish + 主詞 + 過去式動詞」的形態表示「如果現在是~就好了」這種與現在事實相反的願望，be 動詞則像假設語氣過去式一樣，不分人稱一律用 were。請把I wish + 過去式動詞 這個形態整組學起來。
| 願望類型 | 形態 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 擁有、狀態 | wish + 過去式動詞 | I wish I had a car. |
| be 動詞 | wish + were | I wish I were taller. |
| 能力 | wish + could + 原形 | I wish I could sing. |
| 對對方的期望 | wish + 主詞 + would | I wish you would stop doing that. |
- I wish I knew his phone number. (要是知道他的電話號碼就好了。)
- I wish she were my sister. (要是她是我妹妹就好了。)
- I wish I could speak three languages. (要是我會說三種語言就好了。)
- I wish it were Friday already. (要是已經是星期五就好了。)
B. I wish + had + 過去分詞 — 與過去事實相反
「I wish + 主詞 + had + 過去分詞」的形態表示「當時要是~就好了」這種與過去事實相反的願望與後悔。把I wish + had + 過去分詞 這個形態一起學起來，兩種假設語氣的時態差異就會很清楚。
| 後悔類型 | 形態 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 後悔沒做的事 | wish + had p.p. | I wish I had studied harder. |
| 後悔做了的事 | wish + hadn't p.p. | I wish I hadn't eaten so much. |
| 對做不到的事的遺憾 | wish + could have p.p. | I wish I could have gone. |
- I wish I had taken that job. (當時要是接下那份工作就好了。)
- I wish I hadn't wasted so much money. (要是沒有浪費那麼多錢就好了。)
- I wish she had told me the truth. (要是她當時跟我說了實話就好了。)
- I wish we had left earlier this morning. (今天早上我們要是早一點出發就好了。)
C. hope vs wish — 可能實現 vs 相反的願望
hope 表示實際上有可能實現的願望，後面接現在式或未來式；wish 表示與事實相反的願望，後面接的是時態往後退一格的形態(過去式 / had p.p.)。
| 動詞 | 語感 | 後面的時態 | 例子 | 言外之意 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hope | 可能實現的願望 (現在) | 現在式 | I hope you feel better soon. | 實際上有好起來的可能 |
| hope | 可能實現的願望 (未來) | will | I hope she passes the interview. | 有可能實現 |
| wish (現在) | 與現在事實相反 | 過去式 | I wish I felt better today. | 實際上身體不舒服 |
| wish (過去) | 與過去事實相反 | had p.p. | I wish she had passed the interview. | 實際上沒有通過 |
- I hope you feel better soon. (希望你很快就會好起來。)
- I wish I felt better today. (要是我今天身體舒服一點就好了。)
- I hope she passes the interview. (希望她能通過面試。)
- I wish she had passed the interview. (要是她當時通過面試就好了。)
重點整理
- 1I wish + 過去式動詞是與現在事實相反的願望，I wish + had + 過去分詞是與過去事實相反的願望，這個時態的對應是核心。(例: I wish I had time / I wish I had had time.)
- 2I wish 後面的 be 動詞原則上要像假設語氣過去式一樣，不分人稱都用 were，而且「I wish I were ...」是很常用的慣用說法，請記住這一點。(例: I wish I were you.)
- 3hope 表示可能實現的願望，後面接現在式或未來式；wish 表示與事實相反的願望，後面的時態要往後退一格，請把這個差異學起來。(例: I hope you come / I wish you came.)
- 4I wish + 主詞 + would + 原形動詞帶有「希望(對方)能~」的語感，常用來表達對對方行為的不滿或期望，請把這個慣用法記下來。(例: I wish you would listen.)
- 5I wish 後面的子句裡絕對不用 will，現在的願望用過去式，過去的願望用 had p.p.，時態一律往後退，請遵守這條規則。(例: I wish I had time.)
例句
I wish I had more free time.
要是我有更多空閒時間就好了。
I wish I knew her phone number.
要是我知道她的電話號碼就好了。
I wish I were taller.
要是我再高一點就好了。
I wish she were here with us.
要是她和我們一起在這裡就好了。
I wish I could play the guitar.
要是我會彈吉他就好了。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I wish I had more money.
I wish I were taller.
I wish I had studied harder in school.
I hope she will come tomorrow.
I wish I hadn't eaten so much last night.