進階 · Unit 29
with + (代)名詞 + 分詞
在 with 後面放(代)名詞再加上分詞，就能表示「…著…」這種附帶狀況。(代)名詞和分詞的關係是主動就用現在分詞(-ing)，是被動就用過去分詞(p.p.)。
概念說明
在 with 後面放(代)名詞再加上分詞，就能表示「…著…」這種附帶狀況。(代)名詞和分詞的關係是主動就用現在分詞(-ing)，是被動就用過去分詞(p.p.)。
A. 表示附帶狀況的 with — 「…著…」
with + (代)名詞 + 分詞這個句型，可以一併描寫附加在主要動作上的狀態與情況。公式是 with + (代)名詞 + 分詞 = …著…。
| 組成 | 形態 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| with + 名詞 + 現在分詞 | with N + -ing | 名詞主動做~的狀態 |
| with + 名詞 + 過去分詞 | with N + p.p. | 名詞被~的狀態 (被動) |
| with + 名詞 + 形容詞/介系詞片語 | with N + 形容詞/副詞片語 | 名詞處於~的狀態 |
- He fell asleep with the TV on. (他開著電視就睡著了。)
- She was standing with a book in her hand. (她手裡拿著書站著。)
- I studied with the window open. (我開著窗戶念書。)
B. with + (代)名詞 + 現在分詞 — 主動關係
當(代)名詞自己做出那個動作，也就是主動關係時，要用現在分詞(-ing)。像是「頭髮飄動」、「眼淚流下」、「心臟跳動」這樣，(代)名詞是動作主體的情況。
| 名詞 | 分詞 (主動) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| her hair | blowing | 頭髮飄動的狀態 |
| tears | running down her face | 眼淚流下來的狀態 |
| his heart | pounding | 心臟怦怦跳的狀態 |
| the dog | barking loudly | 狗在叫的狀態 |
- She stood there with tears running down her cheeks. (她眼淚順著臉頰流下來，就那樣站在那裡。)
- He waited with his heart pounding. (他心臟怦怦跳地等著。)
- I couldn't concentrate with the dog barking outside. (外面有狗在叫，我沒辦法集中精神。)
C. with + (代)名詞 + 過去分詞 — 被動關係
當(代)名詞承受某個動作，或是已經處於那個狀態的被動關係時，要用過去分詞(p.p.)。像是「眼睛閉上」、「雙臂交抱」、「門鎖上」這樣，(代)名詞是承受動作的對象。
| 名詞 | 分詞 (被動) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| his eyes | closed | 眼睛閉著的狀態 |
| her arms | folded | 雙臂交抱的狀態 |
| the door | locked | 門鎖著的狀態 |
| his legs | crossed | 雙腿交疊的狀態 |
- He was sitting with his arms folded. (他雙臂交抱著坐在那裡。)
- She left the house with the door unlocked. (她沒鎖門就出門了。)
- The professor listened with his eyes closed. (教授閉著眼睛在聽。)
- I can't work with my phone turned off. (手機關著我沒辦法工作。)
重點整理
- 1with + (代)名詞 + 分詞這個句型，會在主要句子上加入附帶狀況，做出「…著…」的意思。(例: She sat with her legs crossed.)
- 2(代)名詞和分詞的關係是主動就用現在分詞(-ing)，是被動就用過去分詞(p.p.)，這是選擇形態的唯一標準。(例: with her hair blowing vs with his eyes closed)
- 3不用分詞，改放形容詞、介系詞片語或副詞的 with + (代)名詞 + 狀態句型也用得很自然。(例: with the door open, with a book in her hand)
- 4這個句型像副詞片語一樣使用，可以放在句子的前面、中間、結尾任何一個位置。
- 5中文的「…著…」、「一邊…一邊…」，在英文裡就是用 with + (代)名詞 + 分詞來表達。
例句
She walked in with her hair blowing in the wind.
她頭髮在風中飄動，走了進來。
He listened with his eyes closed.
他閉著眼睛聽。
Don't speak with your mouth full.
嘴巴裡有東西的時候不要說話。
She sat with her legs crossed.
她雙腿交疊著坐。
I can't sleep with the lights on.
燈開著我睡不著。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
He listened with his eyes closed.
She sat with her legs crossed.
I can't sleep with the lights on.
She walked in with her hair blowing in the wind.
He was standing with his arms folded.