進階 · Unit 28
分詞構句 — 獨立分詞構句、非人稱分詞構句
獨立分詞構句是在主要子句和副詞子句的主詞不同時，把主詞留在分詞前面的形式，非人稱分詞構句則是省略泛指一般人的主詞後固定下來的慣用說法。
概念說明
獨立分詞構句是在主要子句和副詞子句的主詞不同時，把主詞留在分詞前面的形式，非人稱分詞構句則是省略泛指一般人的主詞後固定下來的慣用說法。
A. 獨立分詞構句 — 和主要子句主詞不同時
兩個子句的主詞不一樣時，副詞子句的主詞不能省略，要留在分詞正前面。語序就照 主詞 + 分詞 這樣排列。
| 原本的副詞子句 | 獨立分詞構句 | 主詞關係 |
|---|---|---|
| As the weather was fine, we went out. | The weather being fine, we went out. | 副詞子句(weather) ≠ 主要子句(we) |
| When night fell, they lit a fire. | Night falling, they lit a fire. | 副詞子句(night) ≠ 主要子句(they) |
| Because the sun was setting, we hurried home. | The sun setting, we hurried home. | 副詞子句(sun) ≠ 主要子句(we) |
- The bus being full, we waited for the next one. (公車客滿了，所以我們等下一班。)
- The rain stopping, the children ran outside. (雨停了，孩子們就跑到外面去。)
- His work finished, he took a long vacation. (工作結束了，他就去度了一個長假。)
- Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow. (如果天氣允許，我們明天要去野餐。)
B. 非人稱分詞構句 — 省略泛指的主詞
非人稱分詞構句是指副詞子句的主詞是 we、they、one、people 這種泛指一般人時，把主詞省略掉，某些分詞說法就這樣固定成了慣用語。雖然主詞不同，但這是例外，不留下主詞。
| 原理 | 處理方式 |
|---|---|
| 原句 | If we speak generally, women live longer. |
| 主詞 we 是泛指一般人 | 省略主詞 |
| 固定成慣用語 | Generally speaking, women live longer. |
- Strictly speaking, this is not a mistake. (嚴格來說，這不算是錯誤。)
- Roughly speaking, it takes about an hour. (大略來說，大概要一個小時。)
- Speaking of holidays, are you going anywhere? (說到假期，你有要去哪裡嗎？)
- Considering his age, he runs very fast. (考量到他的年紀，他跑得非常快。)
C. 代表性的非人稱分詞構句慣用語
非人稱分詞構句已經固定成慣用語，要像單字一樣整組記起來。在會話、考試、寫作中都經常出現。
| 說法 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| Generally speaking | 一般來說 |
| Frankly speaking | 老實說 |
| Strictly speaking | 嚴格來說 |
| Roughly speaking | 大略來說 |
| Speaking of (~) | 說到~ |
| Judging from (~) | 從~來判斷 |
| Considering (~) | 考量到~ |
| Taking (~) into account | 把~列入考量的話 |
| Given (~) | 考量到~、如果有~ |
| Provided (that) | 只要~這個條件成立 |
- Generally speaking, Koreans work long hours. (一般來說，韓國人的工時很長。)
- Judging from the sky, it will rain soon. (從天空來判斷，很快就要下雨了。)
- Considering the price, this laptop is a great deal. (考量到價格，這台筆記型電腦非常划算。)
- Taking everything into account, we made the best choice. (把所有事情都列入考量，我們做了最好的選擇。)
重點整理
- 1主要子句和副詞子句的主詞不同時，副詞子句的主詞不能省略，要把主詞留在分詞前面，形成獨立分詞構句。(例: The weather being fine, we went out.)
- 2非人稱分詞構句是省略泛指一般人的主詞(we、they、one、people)之後固定下來的慣用說法，所以要像單字一樣整組記起來。
- 3Generally speaking、Frankly speaking、Judging from、Considering、Taking ~ into account 都常用在句首。(例: Frankly speaking, I disagree.)
- 4獨立分詞構句裡如果留下 be 動詞，一定要改成 being 的形式。(例: The weather being fine, ... / X: The weather fine, ...)
- 5Weather permitting、God willing 這類表示條件的獨立分詞構句是很短的慣用語，在會話中經常出現。
例句
The weather being fine, we went for a hike.
天氣很好，所以我們去健行了。
Night falling, the children came inside.
天黑了，孩子們就進屋來了。
The rain stopping, we continued the game.
雨停了，我們就繼續比賽。
His work finished, Kevin left the office.
工作結束後，凱文離開了辦公室。
Weather permitting, we will hold the concert outside.
如果天氣允許，我們就會在戶外舉辦音樂會。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
The weather being fine, we went out.
The weather being fine, we went out.
Generally speaking, exercise is good.
Judging from his accent, he is Australian.
Considering his age, he runs fast.