進階 · Unit 86
間接引述 — 命令句的轉換
把直接引述的命令句改成間接引述時，引述動詞要換成 tell·ask·order·advise，而且命令句的動詞改成 to 不定詞，否定命令句改成 not to 不定詞。時態·人稱·副詞的調整規則和直述句相同，但不需要連接詞 that。
概念說明
把直接引述的命令句改成間接引述時，引述動詞要換成 tell·ask·order·advise，而且命令句的動詞改成 to 不定詞，否定命令句改成 not to 不定詞。時態·人稱·副詞的調整規則和直述句相同，但不需要連接詞 that。
A. 引述動詞的選擇 — 依命令·請求·建議而定
命令句的引述轉換要依原話的語感來換引述動詞: 指示用 tell，請求用 ask，命令用 order，建議用 advise，警告用 warn。用哪個動詞會左右命令句的強度和彼此的關係。
| 引述動詞 | 語感 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| tell | 指示·告知 | tell him to wait |
| ask | 拜託·請求 (含 please) | ask her to help |
| order | 命令 (帶有權威) | order them to stop |
| advise | 建議·勸告 | advise you to rest |
| warn | 警告 | warn her not to touch |
| beg | 懇求 | beg him to stay |
- He said, "Sit down." → He told us to sit down. (他要我們坐下。)
- She said, "Please wait here." → She asked me to wait there. (她拜託我在那裡等。)
- The officer said, "Show me your ID." → The officer ordered me to show my ID. (那位警官要求我出示證件。)
- Anna said, "Get some rest." → Anna advised me to get some rest. (Anna 建議我好好休息一下。)
B. 命令句的動詞 → to 不定詞
直接引述中命令句的動詞(原形)在間接引述裡會變成 to 不定詞，而且後面一定要放受詞，把「是對誰下的指示」講清楚。命令句 → to 不定詞 (否定 → not to 不定詞)。不使用連接詞 that。
| 直接引述 | 間接引述 |
|---|---|
| "Come here." | told me to come there |
| "Wait outside." | asked me to wait outside |
| "Speak slowly." | told him to speak slowly |
| "Turn off the lights." | told us to turn off the lights |
| "Be careful." | told me to be careful |
- The teacher said, "Open your books." → The teacher told us to open our books. (老師要我們把書打開。)
- Kevin said, "Call me later." → Kevin asked me to call him later. (Kevin 要我晚點打電話給他。)
- She said, "Be quiet." → She told the children to be quiet. (她要孩子們安靜。)
- He said, "Speak louder." → He asked her to speak louder. (他請她說大聲一點。)
C. 否定命令句 → not to 不定詞
"Don't ~" 這種形態的否定命令句，在間接引述裡要把 not 放在 to 前面，改成 not to 不定詞。順序反過來變成(to not)就會很不自然，所以 not 一定要放在 to 前面。
| 直接引述 | 間接引述 |
|---|---|
| "Don't touch it." | told me not to touch it |
| "Don't be late." | told me not to be late |
| "Don't worry." | told me not to worry |
| "Don't tell anyone." | asked me not to tell anyone |
| "Never give up." | told me never to give up |
- Mom said, "Don't stay up late." → Mom told me not to stay up late. (媽媽要我不要熬夜。)
- The doctor said, "Don't skip meals." → The doctor advised me not to skip meals. (醫生建議我不要跳過任何一餐。)
- He said, "Don't be angry." → He asked me not to be angry. (他要我不要生氣。)
- She said, "Never forget this." → She told me never to forget that. (她要我絕對不要忘記那件事。)
重點整理
- 1引述動詞要依語感選用 tell(指示) · ask(拜託) · order(命令) · advise(建議) · warn(警告)。(例: The doctor advised me to rest.)
- 2命令句的動詞改成 to 不定詞，否定命令句 Don't ~ 改成 not to 不定詞。(例: "Don't be late." → told me not to be late.)
- 3引述動詞後面一定要放受詞(me, him, us)，講清楚是對誰下的指示。(X: He told to sit down / O: He told us to sit down.)
- 4命令句的引述轉換不使用連接詞 that。(X: He told me that to wait / O: He told me to wait.)
- 5say 不適合當命令句的引述動詞，say to 後面不接受詞，要用 tell。(X: He said me to wait / O: He told me to wait.)
例句
She told me to close the window.
她要我把窗戶關上。
He told the children to sit down quietly.
他要孩子們安靜地坐下。
The teacher told us to open our books.
老師要我們把書打開。
My mom told me to be home by ten.
媽媽要我十點前回到家。
Anna asked me to help her with the project.
Anna 拜託我幫她做那個專案。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
He told us to sit down.
She told me to wait.
Mom told me not to be late.
He told me to close the door.
The doctor advised me to drink water.