進階 · Unit 85
間接引述 — 疑問句的轉換
把直接引述的問句改成間接引述時，要把引述動詞換成 ask·wonder·inquire，有疑問詞就用那個疑問詞，沒有就用 if 或 whether 當連接詞，後面接上「主詞 + 動詞」的直述句語序。時態·人稱·時間副詞的調整規則和直述句相同。
概念說明
把直接引述的問句改成間接引述時，要把引述動詞換成 ask·wonder·inquire，有疑問詞就用那個疑問詞，沒有就用 if 或 whether 當連接詞，後面接上「主詞 + 動詞」的直述句語序。時態·人稱·時間副詞的調整規則和直述句相同。
A. 有疑問詞的情況 — 疑問詞 + 主詞 + 動詞
有 who, what, where, when, why, how 這類疑問詞的問句，就把那個疑問詞當連接詞，並把後面的語序改成「主詞 + 動詞」。有疑問詞 → 疑問詞 + S + V。直接引述的 do/does/did 會消失，只有時態反映在動詞上。
| 直接引述 | 間接引述 |
|---|---|
| "Where do you live?" | asked where I lived |
| "What are you doing?" | asked what I was doing |
| "When did she leave?" | asked when she had left |
| "Why are you late?" | asked why I was late |
| "How did you know?" | asked how I had known |
- He asked, "Where is the station?" → He asked where the station was. (他問車站在哪裡。)
- She asked, "Who called you?" → She asked who had called me. (她問是誰打電話給我。)
- Tom asked, "What do you want?" → Tom asked what I wanted. (Tom 問我想要什麼。)
- Anna asked, "How are you feeling?" → Anna asked how I was feeling. (Anna 問我感覺怎麼樣。)
B. 沒有疑問詞的情況 — if / whether + 主詞 + 動詞
用 Yes/No 回答的問句沒有疑問詞，所以要放進連接詞 if 或 whether，並把後面的語序改成「主詞 + 動詞」。沒有疑問詞 → if / whether + S + V。if 和 whether 大多可以互換，正式文體·列舉選項時用 whether 更自然。
| 直接引述 | 間接引述 |
|---|---|
| "Are you tired?" | asked if I was tired |
| "Do you speak English?" | asked whether I spoke English |
| "Did she come?" | asked if she had come |
| "Can you swim?" | asked whether I could swim |
| "Have you eaten?" | asked if I had eaten |
- He asked, "Are you a student?" → He asked if I was a student. (他問我是不是學生。)
- She asked, "Do you like this song?" → She asked whether I liked that song. (她問我喜不喜歡那首歌。)
- Tom asked, "Have you finished?" → Tom asked if I had finished. (Tom 問我做完了沒。)
- Anna asked, "Will you come tomorrow?" → Anna asked whether I would come the next day. (Anna 問我隔天會不會來。)
C. 時態·人稱·副詞的調整 — 和直述句相同
問句在轉換引述方式時也一樣，引述動詞是過去式的話，就要把引用句的時態往過去推一級，人稱·時間·場所副詞也照同樣的規則改變。
| 要素 | 直接引述 | 間接引述 |
|---|---|---|
| 時態 | am / is / are | was / were |
| 時態 | will | would |
| 時態 | can | could |
| 人稱 | you (對方) | I / he / she (以轉述者為準) |
| 時間 | now / today | then / that day |
| 場所 | here / this | there / that |
- He asked, "Where are you now?" → He asked where I was then. (他問我當時在哪裡。)
- She asked, "Did you see him yesterday?" → She asked if I had seen him the day before. (她問我前一天有沒有看到他。)
- Tom asked, "Will you help me tomorrow?" → Tom asked whether I would help him the next day. (Tom 問我隔天會不會幫他。)
- Anna asked, "Do you like this place?" → Anna asked if I liked that place. (Anna 問我喜不喜歡那個地方。)
重點整理
- 1有疑問詞的問句就把那個疑問詞當連接詞，並把語序改成「主詞 + 動詞」。(例: "Where do you live?" → He asked where I lived.)
- 2沒有疑問詞的 Yes/No 問句要放進連接詞 if 或 whether。正式文體·列舉選項時用 whether 更自然。(例: He asked if / whether I was ready.)
- 3直接引述的 do/does/did 在間接引述中會消失，只有時態反映在主要動詞上。(X: She asked if I do like it → O: She asked if I liked it.)
- 4引述動詞用 asked, wondered, inquired 等比較自然，ask 後面可以加受詞(me, him)。(例: He asked me if I was okay.)
- 5間接問句一律維持直述句語序(主詞 + 動詞)。(X: He asked where did I live → O: He asked where I lived.)
例句
He asked where I lived.
他問我住在哪裡。
She asked what time the meeting was.
她問會議是幾點。
Tom asked when the train would arrive.
Tom 問火車什麼時候會到。
Anna asked why I was late.
Anna 問我為什麼遲到。
He asked how I had learned Japanese.
他問我是怎麼學日文的。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
He asked where I lived.
She asked if I was okay.
Tom asked me if I liked coffee.
Anna asked what time it was.
He asked if I would come the next day.