進階 · Unit 13

to 不定詞 — 獨立不定詞

獨立不定詞不修飾句子裡的特定成分,而是包住整個句子的副詞片語,通常位於句首,並用逗號和本文分開。慣用表達很多,整組記起來會比較方便。

概念說明

獨立不定詞不修飾句子裡的特定成分,而是包住整個句子的副詞片語,通常位於句首,並用逗號和本文分開。慣用表達很多,整組記起來會比較方便。

 

A.  開場、評價的慣用表達 

在對話或文章的開頭,用來表明自己的態度、坦率或起始點的慣用語有好幾個。請記住 獨立不定詞 = 修飾整個句子的副詞片語 這樣的性質。

獨立不定詞意思
To tell the truth說實話
To be honest (with you)老實說
To be frank (with you)坦白說
To be sure的確、當然
To begin with首先、第一
To start with首先、一開始
  • To tell the truth, I forgot your birthday. (說實話,我忘了你的生日。)
  • To be honest, I'm a little nervous. (老實說,我有點緊張。)
  • To begin with, we need more information. (首先,我們需要更多資訊。)
  • To be sure, this is a difficult problem. (的確,這是個困難的問題。)

 

B.  表示情境與情緒的獨立不定詞 

這些是在加上驚訝、理所當然或補充說明時使用的獨立不定詞,會大幅改變整個句子的語氣。

獨立不定詞意思
Strange to say奇怪的是
Needless to say不用說
So to speak可以說是、所謂的
To make matters worse更糟的是
To do him justice公平地評價他的話
Not to mention~就更不用說了
  • Strange to say, the door was open. (奇怪的是,門是開著的。)
  • Needless to say, we were very tired. (不用說,我們都非常累。)
  • He is, so to speak, a walking dictionary. (他可以說是一部會走路的字典。)
  • To make matters worse, it started to rain. (更糟的是,還下起雨來了。)
  • She speaks Japanese, not to mention English. (她會說日語,英語就更不用說了。)

 

C.  在句子中的位置與標點 

獨立不定詞的位置分為句首、句中、句尾,不論放在哪裡都要用逗號和本文分開

位置形態例子
句首 (最常見)獨立不定詞,主要子句。To be honest, I'm tired.
句中 (插入)主詞,獨立不定詞,動詞 ...He is, so to speak, a genius.
句尾 (罕見)主要子句,獨立不定詞She always helps, needless to say.
  • To make a long story short, we finally arrived. (長話短說,我們終於到了。)
  • He is very kind, to be sure, but a bit slow. (他的確非常親切,只是動作有點慢。)
  • To do her justice, she worked very hard. (公平地評價她的話,她真的非常努力工作。)
  • Not to mention the rain, the wind was terrible. (雨就更不用說了,風也大得嚇人。)

重點整理

  1. 1獨立不定詞不是修飾句子裡的特定成分,而是包住整個句子的副詞片語。(例: To be honest, I'm tired.)
  2. 2由於大多是慣用表達,把 to tell the truth, to be honest, to begin with, needless to say 等分組整批背下來的做法最有效率
  3. 3放在句首時一定要用逗號和本文分開,插入句中或句尾時則要用前後兩個逗號包起來。(例: He is, so to speak, a genius.)
  4. 4像 so to speak 和 to make matters worse 這種語感很強的表達,會決定整個句子的語氣。(例: To make matters worse, it started to rain.)
  5. 5中文的「其實、老實說、首先、奇怪的是、更糟的是」,各自都有固定對應的獨立不定詞。(例: 其實 → To tell the truth.)

例句

To tell the truth, I don't remember his name.
說實話,我不記得他的名字。
To be honest, I'm not sure about the answer.
老實說,我對答案沒有把握。
To begin with, let me thank you for coming.
首先,請讓我感謝你的到來。
To be sure, this decision was difficult.
的確,這個決定很困難。
To be frank with you, I disagree.
坦白說,我不同意。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

Tell the truth, I don't like it.
To tell the truth, I don't like it.
To be honest I disagree.
To be honest, I disagree.
To begin, let me introduce myself.
To begin with, let me introduce myself.
Needless say, it was cold.
Needless to say, it was cold.
He is, so speak, a genius.
He is, so to speak, a genius.
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