入門 · Unit 20

a few / a little / few / little

a few / a little 是「有一點、有一些」(肯定),few / little 是「幾乎沒有」(否定)的意思,兩者的語感正好相反。只要記住有 a 就是肯定、沒有 a 就是否定就很好分辨,可數名詞用 few 系列,不可數名詞用 little 系列。

概念說明

a few / a little 是「有一點、有一些」(肯定),few / little 是「幾乎沒有」(否定)的意思,兩者的語感正好相反。只要記住有 a 就是肯定、沒有 a 就是否定就很好分辨,可數名詞用 few 系列,不可數名詞用 little 系列。

 

A.  a few / a little — 肯定「有一點」 

a few 和可數名詞(複數)一起用,a little 和不可數名詞一起用,兩者都帶有「雖然不多,但是有」的肯定語感。請把有 a 就表示有(肯定) 記成一個信號。

表達後面的名詞例子
a few可數複數a few books, a few people
a little不可數a little water, a little time
  • I have a few questions. (我有幾個問題。)
  • She spent a few days in Busan. (她在釜山待了幾天。)
  • Can I have a little sugar in my coffee? (可以在我的咖啡裡加一點糖嗎?)
  • We still have a little hope. (我們還有一點希望。)

 

B.  few / little — 否定「幾乎沒有」 

few 和可數名詞(複數)一起用,little 和不可數名詞一起用,兩者都帶有「幾乎沒有」的否定語感。請把沒有 a 就表示沒有(否定) 記成一個信號。

表達後面的名詞例子
few可數複數few friends, few people
little不可數little time, little money
  • She has few close friends. (她幾乎沒有親近的朋友。)
  • Few students passed the exam. (幾乎沒有學生通過那場考試。)
  • We have little time to prepare. (我們幾乎沒有時間準備。)
  • There is little hope of finding him. (幾乎沒有找到他的希望。)

 

C.  四個表達的語感比較 — 用表格一次看懂 

這四個表達是用可數與不可數、語感(肯定與否定)這兩個軸來區分的,有沒有 a 就是決定語感的關鍵信號。把下面的表格整個背起來,就能大幅減少錯誤。

名詞種類 \ 語感肯定 (有一點)否定 (幾乎沒有)
可數 (複數)a fewfew
不可數a littlelittle
  • I have a few coins. (我有幾個硬幣。) — 有
  • I have few coins. (我幾乎沒有硬幣。) — 沒有
  • She has a little experience. (她有一點經驗。) — 有
  • She has little experience. (她幾乎沒有經驗。) — 沒有

重點整理

  1. 1有 a 就是肯定(有一點),沒有 a 就是否定(幾乎沒有),這就是這四個表達的語感信號
  2. 2可數名詞後面用 few 系列(a few / few),不可數名詞後面用 little 系列(a little / little)
  3. 3little 也可以當作「小的」這個形容詞使用,所以必須靠上下文來分辨,這一點請記住。(例: a little boy = 小男孩)
  4. 4寫成 only a few / only a little 時,「只有~而已」的語感會變強,這個延伸表達也請一起學起來。
  5. 5quite a few 是「相當多的」意思,是很常用的慣用表達,這一點也請參考。(例: quite a few students)

例句

I have a few friends in this city.
我在這座城市有幾個朋友。
She bought a few oranges at the store.
她在店裡買了幾顆柳橙。
There are a few cookies on the plate.
盤子上有幾片餅乾。
Can I ask you a few questions?
我可以問你幾個問題嗎?
I have a little time before class.
我上課前有一點時間。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

I have a few money.
I have a little money.
She has a little friends.
She has a few friends.
He has few water.
He has little water.
We have little friends here.
We have few friends here.
There are little apples on the table.
There are few apples on the table.
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