入門 · Unit 20
a few / a little / few / little
a few / a little 是「有一點、有一些」(肯定),few / little 是「幾乎沒有」(否定)的意思,兩者的語感正好相反。只要記住有 a 就是肯定、沒有 a 就是否定就很好分辨,可數名詞用 few 系列,不可數名詞用 little 系列。
概念說明
a few / a little 是「有一點、有一些」(肯定),few / little 是「幾乎沒有」(否定)的意思,兩者的語感正好相反。只要記住有 a 就是肯定、沒有 a 就是否定就很好分辨,可數名詞用 few 系列,不可數名詞用 little 系列。
A. a few / a little — 肯定「有一點」
a few 和可數名詞(複數)一起用,a little 和不可數名詞一起用,兩者都帶有「雖然不多,但是有」的肯定語感。請把有 a 就表示有(肯定) 記成一個信號。
| 表達 | 後面的名詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| a few | 可數複數 | a few books, a few people |
| a little | 不可數 | a little water, a little time |
- I have a few questions. (我有幾個問題。)
- She spent a few days in Busan. (她在釜山待了幾天。)
- Can I have a little sugar in my coffee? (可以在我的咖啡裡加一點糖嗎?)
- We still have a little hope. (我們還有一點希望。)
B. few / little — 否定「幾乎沒有」
few 和可數名詞(複數)一起用,little 和不可數名詞一起用,兩者都帶有「幾乎沒有」的否定語感。請把沒有 a 就表示沒有(否定) 記成一個信號。
| 表達 | 後面的名詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| few | 可數複數 | few friends, few people |
| little | 不可數 | little time, little money |
- She has few close friends. (她幾乎沒有親近的朋友。)
- Few students passed the exam. (幾乎沒有學生通過那場考試。)
- We have little time to prepare. (我們幾乎沒有時間準備。)
- There is little hope of finding him. (幾乎沒有找到他的希望。)
C. 四個表達的語感比較 — 用表格一次看懂
這四個表達是用可數與不可數、語感(肯定與否定)這兩個軸來區分的,有沒有 a 就是決定語感的關鍵信號。把下面的表格整個背起來,就能大幅減少錯誤。
| 名詞種類 \ 語感 | 肯定 (有一點) | 否定 (幾乎沒有) |
|---|---|---|
| 可數 (複數) | a few | few |
| 不可數 | a little | little |
- I have a few coins. (我有幾個硬幣。) — 有
- I have few coins. (我幾乎沒有硬幣。) — 沒有
- She has a little experience. (她有一點經驗。) — 有
- She has little experience. (她幾乎沒有經驗。) — 沒有
重點整理
- 1有 a 就是肯定(有一點),沒有 a 就是否定(幾乎沒有),這就是這四個表達的語感信號。
- 2可數名詞後面用 few 系列(a few / few),不可數名詞後面用 little 系列(a little / little)。
- 3little 也可以當作「小的」這個形容詞使用,所以必須靠上下文來分辨,這一點請記住。(例: a little boy = 小男孩)
- 4寫成 only a few / only a little 時,「只有~而已」的語感會變強,這個延伸表達也請一起學起來。
- 5quite a few 是「相當多的」意思,是很常用的慣用表達,這一點也請參考。(例: quite a few students)
例句
I have a few friends in this city.
我在這座城市有幾個朋友。
She bought a few oranges at the store.
她在店裡買了幾顆柳橙。
There are a few cookies on the plate.
盤子上有幾片餅乾。
Can I ask you a few questions?
我可以問你幾個問題嗎?
I have a little time before class.
我上課前有一點時間。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I have a little money.
She has a few friends.
He has little water.
We have few friends here.
There are few apples on the table.